secondary literature

DISSERTATIONS/THESES

Robin Kinross
Otto Neurath's Contribution to Visual Communication (University of Reading 1979).
Herbert Koberstein
'Wiener Methode der Bildstatistik' und 'International System of Typographic Picture Education' (ISOTYPE). Informative Graphik und bildhafte Pädagogik (Universität Hamburg 1969).
Hadwig Kraeutler
Otto Neurath. Museum and Exhibition Work. Spaces (Designed) for Communication / (Peter Lang : Frankfurt am Main, etc. 2008) 289 pp. ISBN 978-3-631-55973-4.
- This book presents two lost histories. One relates to the biography of the Vienna Circle-philosopher Otto Neurath (1882 – 1945) whose life-story reflects the tumultuous early twentieth century, the other to the history of museums, exhibitions, and of audience advocacy. A polymath, Neurath united theory and practice in many fields: from history and philosophy of science to adult education. Until now the practical application of Neurath‘s philosophical convictions, his innovations in museology, have not been presented coherently. Neurath‘s museum and exhibition work – in the Red Vienna (1925 – 1934) and later in the Netherlands and in the UK – had a specific educational mission and a clear commitment to its users, shaped by egalitarian notions and meant to promote social development. Nowadays, museums are searching for ways to connect more closely with their audiences. The ideas and methods of Otto Neurath, his unusual approach to museums, the emphasis on communication and learning, can be better assessed with this book. It will be of great interest to those concerned with museums and exhibitions as spaces for education and communication.
  Press Release.
Karl H. Müller
Enzyklopädie, Sozialwissenschaften, Bildstatistik, Roman. Das Forschungsprogramm des Otto Neurath. Universität Graz 1989.
Elisabeth M. Nemeth
Wissenschaftlichkeit als Politischer Anspruch. Am Beispiel Otto Neuraths im Wiener Kreis. Revolutionare Wissenschaft nach dem Scheitern der Gesellschaftlichen Revolution (Universität Wien : Wien 1981).
George Albert Reisch
A History of the "International Encyclopedia of Unified Science" (University of Chicago : Chicago 1995).
Nader Vossoughian
Facts and Artifacts. Otto Neurath and the Social Science of Socialization (Columbia University 2004).

MONOGRAPHS

Herbert Koberstein
Statistik in Bildern. Eine graphisch-statistische Darstellungslehre. Sammlung Poeschel 76 (Poeschel : Stuttgart 1973).
Ferdinand Mertens
Otto Neurath en de maakbaarheid van de betere samenleving. Fragmenten uit de vorige eeuw. SCP-essay; 5 (Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau etc. : Den Haag etc. 2007).
- An essay on the work of Otto Neurath (1882-1945) and Gerd Arntz (1900-1988) and the development of Neurath's "Wiener Methode" of symbols and global signs called Isotypes.
Karl H Müller
Symbole-Statistik-Computer-Design. Otto Neurath's Bildpädagogik im Computerzeitalter (Wien 1991).
Karl H. Müller
Zur Computervisualisierung von Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistiken. Band 1 (Wien 1987).

PROCEEDINGS, ESSAY COLLECTIONS

Nancy Cartwright, Jordi Cat, Lola Fleck, ... et al. (eds.)
Otto Neurath. Philosophy between Science and Politics. Ideas in Context 38 (Cambridge University Press : Cambridge MA 1996). See also Google Books.
J.A. Edwards and Michael Twyman (eds.)
Graphic Communication through ISOTYPE (University of Reading : Reading 1975).
Frank Hartmann und Erwin K. Bauer
Bildersprache. Otto Neurath / Visualisierungen (WUV Universitätsverlag : Wien 2002). See also the website to this book and a selection: Frank Hartmann, 'Bildersprache.
Ed Annink (ed.)
Lovely Language - words divide, images unite / text Max Bruinsma (Veenman Publishers : Rotterdam 2008) ISBN/EAN: 978-90-8690-127-2. The book is edited after the exhibition (Centraal Museum, Utrecht) and aims at providing material for the discussion about visual communication tomorrow. Are the generic guidelines of Otto Neurath and Gerd Arntz still valid? Or have they become embedded into a visual language that by now goes well beyond their project? And what is the future role of designers and communicators in using and expanding this language? The book is reviewed by Robin Kinross for Hyphen 2008.05.12.
Elisabeth M. Nemeth and Friedrich Stadler (eds.)
Encyclopedia and Utopia. The Life and Work of Otto Neurath (1882-1945). With the First Publication of Otto Neurath's Full Manuscript on "Visual Education" and the Documentation of the Otto Neurath Nachlass (Haarlem, The Netherlands). Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 4 (Kluwer : Dordrecht/Boston 1996.
Volker Thurm-Nemeth (Hg.)
Konstruktion zwischen Werkbund und Bauhaus. Wissenschaft - Architektur - Wiener Kreis / Margarethe Engelhardt-Krajanek, Sabine Plakolm-Forsthuber, Ulrich Winko. Schriftenreihe Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung und Kunst, Band 4 (Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky : Wien 1998).

ARTICLES, ESSAYS and PAPERS

Eva Blau
'Isotype and Architecture in Red Vienna: The Modern Projects of Otto neurath and Josef Frank', in Austrian Studies 14 (2006) Special Issue 'Culture and Politics in Red Vienna', 227-260.
Michael Burke and Toby Haggith
'Words Divide, Pictures Unite. Otto Neurath and British Propaganda Films of the Second World War', in Imperial War Museum Review 12 (1999) 59-71.
- Discusses the World War II career of sociologist and philosopher Otto Neurath (1882-1945), who fled Nazi Germany to England and became involved in creating ISOTYPEs (International System of Typographic Picture Education) in connection with his work for British documentary producer Paul Rotha. [Historical Abstracts].
Clive Chizlett
'Damned Lies And Statistics. Otto Neurath and Soviet Propaganda in the 1930s.', in Visible Language 26, n 3-4 (Fall 1992) 298-321.
- A brief narrative description of the journal article, document, or resource. Examines the philosophical and historical context in which Otto Neurath (1882-1945) worked. Examines critically (in the light of descriptive statistics) the principles of his Isotype Picture Language. Tests Neurath's personal credibility and scientific integrity by looking at his contributions to Soviet propaganda in the early 1930s.
Marija Dalbello, Anselm Spoerri
'Statistical representations from popular texts for the ordinary citizen, 1889–1914', in Library & Information Science Research 28 (2006) 83–109. Department of Library and Information Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick NJ (online 23 February 2006).
Johann Dvorak
'Zur Kultur der Arbeiterklasse' in Zeitgeschichte 9, nr. 11-12 (1982) 408-414. Austria possessed a very lively working-class cultural movement in which intellectuals mixed with proletarians. Otto Neurath was one of the foremost intellectuals in this movement. His ideas on working-class culture predate similar English Marxist ideas by more than 40 years. [Historical Abstracts].
Peter Galison
'Aufbau/Bauhaus. Logischer Positivismus und architektonischer Modernismus', in Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 43, Heft 4 (Berlin 1995) 653-685.
Frank Hartmann
'After Neurath. The Quest for an "Inclusive Form of the Icon" Analogue to Digital Visualisation>', Lecture at After Neurath, Stroom Den Haag, 31 October 2006.
Frank Hartmann
'Otto Neuraths revolutionäre Methode der Bildpädagogik', in Telepolis (24.07.1997). Also published in e-journal : neue medien (1997).
Frank Hartmann
'Text - Bild - Interface. Otto Neurath und die Merkmale des visuellen Kommunikationsdesigns", zum Vortrag im Rahmen der "Unplugged Heads" at the Institut für neue Medien, Frankfurt (2 December 1997).
Rainer Hegselmann
'Otto Neurath - Empirischer Aufklärer und Sozialreformer', in Rainer Hegselmann (Hrsg.), Otto Neurath. Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung, Sozialismus und Logischer Empirismus (Frankfurt a/M 1979) 7-78.
Hisayasu Ihara
Otto Neurath's Atlas 'Society and Econopmy': Design, Contents, and Context. Paper for IASDR07, Hong Kong Polytechnic University 12th to 15th November 2007.
Robin Kinross
'Marie Neurath', in Robin Kinross (ed.), Unjustified texts. Perspectives on typography (Hyphen : London 2003) 51-55.
Robin Kinross
'The Work of Otto Neurath in Visual Communication', in Jan Sebestik and Antonia Soulez (eds.), Journées Internationales sur le Cercle de Vienne: Doctrines et controverses, in 5 Fundamenta Scientiae nrs. 2-3/4.
Herbert Koberstein
'Informative Graphik und bildhafte Pädagogik nach der "Wiener Methode der Bildstatistik" und "Isotype"', in Die Deutsche Schule 62, nr. 7/8 (1970) 474-493.
Hadwig Kraeutler
"Rondom Rembrandt" – Otto Neurath's (r)evolutionary art-related exhibition. Paper read for the Department of Typography & Graphic Communication, University of Reading/Glasgow, Intitute of Art History, University of Glasgow (September/October 2009).
Robert J. Leonard
'"Seeing Is Believing". Otto Neurath, Graphic Art, and the Social Order', in Neil De Marchi and Craufurd D.W. Goodwin (eds.), Economic Engagements with Art. Annual Supplement to Volume 31 History of Political Economy (Durham/London 1999) 452-478.
- Presents an overview of the life and work of Otto Neurath (1882-1945). An advocate of economic planning, he also envisioned a radically improved social order in which science, philosophy, politics, and art would be integrated. The focus is on Neurath's use of German graphic art of the interwar years to advance his belief in the central importance of visual aids in education and his use of institutions such as the Housing Museum and the Social and Economic Museum of Vienna, which he ran, to develop and advance his ideas on the use of graphic art in education, especially of the working class. [Historical Abstracts].
Paul J. Lewi
'Neurath and the Vienna Method of Picture Statistics', in Paul J. Lewi, Speaking of Graphics. An Essay on Graphicacy in Science, Technology and Business (2006) Chapter 6.
Armin Medosch
'Bildstatistik nach der "Wiener Methode" und ihre Bedeutung in Zeiten der Überinformation', in Telepolis (24.07.1997).
Ferdinand Mertens
An Idealist in The Hague. Otto Neurath's Years in Exile. The Hague, City of Peace, Justice and Security no. 2 (Gemeente Den Haag : Den Haag 2007). Published in Dutch, English and French.
Ferdinand Mertens
Otto Neurath in Den Haag 1934-1940. Inleiding uitgesproken bij de start van het project 'Otto Neurath terug in den Haag', STROOM Centrum voor hedendaagse kunst (11 October 2006).
Ferdinand Mertens
Neurath's strijd met woorden. Causerie ter herdenking van zijn 60ste sterfdag op 22 dec. 2005 (Internationale School voor Wijsbegeerte 2005).
Karl H. Müller
'Otto Neurath and Contemporary Knowledge and Information Societies - A Newly Established Liaison', in Elisabeth M. Nemeth and Friedrich Stadler (eds.), Encyclopedia and Utopia (Dordrecht/Boston 1996).
Karl H. Müller
'Neurath's Theory of Pictorial-Statistical Representation', in Thomas E. Uebel (ed.), Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle. Austrian Studies on Otto Neurath and the Vienna Circle. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133 (Kluwer : Dordrecht/Boston 1991) 223-251.
Elisabeth M. Nemeth
'Gesellschaftliche Tatbestände sichtbar machen. Otto Neurath über den Gegenstand der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und seine Visualisierung', in Ewa Czerwinska-Schupp (Hg.), Philosophie an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert. Dia-Logos Band 4 (Peter Lang : Frankfurt 2003) 181-208.
Elisabeth M. Nemeth
'Otto Neuraths Utopien. Der Wille zur Hoffnung', in Friedrich Stadler (Hg.), Arbeiterbildung in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Otto Neurath - Gerd Arntz (Wien/München 1982) 94-99.
Paul Neurath
'Otto Neurath (1882-1945). Leben und Werk', in Paul Neurath und Elisabeth M. Nemeth (Hg.), Otto Neurath oder die Einheit von Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft (Wien 1994) 13-95.
Paul Neurath
'Recollections of the Beginnings of Pictorial Statistics and ISOTYPE', in Jan Sebestik and Antonia Soulez (eds.), Journées Internationales sur le Cercle de Vienne. Doctrines et controverses as 5 Fundamenta Scientiae (1984) 201-208.
Sybilla Nikolow
'Gestaltete Bilder und visuelle Argumente. Die "Völker der Erde" in Otto Neuraths Bildstatistik und "Isotype"', in Frank Stahnisch und Heijko Bauer (Hrsg.), Bild und Gestalt. Wie formen Medienpraktiken das Wissen in Medizin und Humanwissenschaft?. Medizin und Gesellschaft, Band 13 (forthcoming).
Sybilla Nikolow
'Imaginäre Gemeinschaften. Statistische Bilder der Bevölkerung', in Martina Hessler (Hg.), Konstruierte Sichtbarkeiten. Wissenschafts- und Technikbilder seit der Frühen Neuzeit (Fink Verlag : München 2006) 263-278.
Sybilla Nikolow
'Otto Neurath und die Bildstatistik 1918/1933/1945. Biographische Ab- und wissenschaftliche Aufbrüche', in Rüdiger vom Bruch, Ute Gerhardt und Aleksandra Pawliczek (Hg.), Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts (Steiner Verlag : Stuttgart 2006) 305-318.
Sybilla Nikolow
"Society and Economy". An Atlas in Otto Neurath's Pictorial Statistics from 1930. Paper Paris (2006).
Sybilla Nikolow
'Kurven, Diagramme, Zahlen- und Mengenbilder. Die Wiener Methode der Bildstatistik als statistische Bildform', in Birgit Schneider (Hrsg.), Bildwelten des Wissens. Kunsthistorisches Jahrbuch für Bildkritik. Band 3,1 Diagramme und bildtextile Ordnungen (2005) 20-34.
Sybilla Nikolow
'Statistische Bilder der Bevölkerung in den großen Hygieneausstellungen als Wissensobjekte', in Rainer Mackensen und Jürgen Reulecke (Hg.), Das Konstrukt "Bevölkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" (Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften : Wiesbaden 2005) 476-488.
Sybilla Nikolow
'Planning, Democratization and Popularization with ISOTYPE, ca. 1945. A Study of Otto Neurath's Pictorial Statistics on the Example of Bilston, England', in: Induction and Deduction in the Sciences / ed. by Friedrich Stadler, published as Vienna Circle Yearbook 11 (2003) 299-329.
Kristóf Nyíri
From Texts to Pictures. The New Unity of Science. Paper (s.a.).
Petra Cerne Oven
'An interview with Robin Kinross'. The interview was recorded in London on 28 May 1999, and published in Slovenian translation in the cultural magazine Emzin 9, nos. 1—2 (1999).
George A. Reisch
'Planning Science. Otto Neurath and the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science', in British Journal for the History of Science 27, nr.2 (1994) 153-175.
- Otto Neurath planned the Encyclopedia of Unified Science in the 1930's as a means of advancing the unification of now distinct disciplines into a single scientific enterprise. Neurath's vision of unification paralleled his commitment to logical empiricism and to an international visual language independent of specific cultural content. The encyclopedia, to be published by the University of Chicago Press, was meant to help establish the internationalist, empiricist, scientific mindset that Neurath regarded as essential to rational social planning and the key to science's future role in society. Hampered first by World War II and then by Neurath's death in 1945, the encyclopedia languished for decades. Only two of the projected twenty volumes ever appeared. Ironically, the second was Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which eclipsed Neurath's logical-empiricist philosophy. [Historical Abstracts].
Femke Snelting
'Notes for Skeleton, Corset, Skin', Lecture held at the symposium After Neurath, Stroom Den Haag, 31 oktober 2006 (With: Robin Kinross, Frank Hartman, Kristóf Nyíri).
Friedrich Stadler
'Schriftsprache und Bildsprache nach Otto Neurath - Popularisierung oder Humanisierung des Wissens?', in Mitchell Ash und Christian H. Stifter (Hrsg.), Wissenschaft, Politik und Öffentlichkeit. Von der Wiener Moderne bis zur Gegenwart (WUV Verlag : Wien 2002) 267-303.
Friedrich Stadler
'Otto Neurath (1882-1945). Enzyklopädist, Schulreformer und Volksbildner', in Erwachsenenbildung in Österreich 40, nr. 5/6 (1989) 33-36. Also published in English as 'Otto Neurath. Encyclopedist, Adult Educationalist and School Reformer', in Thomas E. Uebel (ed.), Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle. Austrian Studies on Otto Neurath and the Vienna Circle Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133 (Kluwer : Dordrecht/Boston/London 1991) 255-264.
Friedrich Stadler
'"Zeit unterm Messer". In memoriam Gerd Arntz', in Erwachsenenbildung in Österreich 40, nr. 5/6 (1989) 31-33.
Friedrich Stadler
'Bildsprache und Bildungsarbeit. Zwischen Humanisierung und Popularisierung des Wissens', in Erwachsenenbildung in Österreich (Wien 1991) nr 6, 37-45.
Friedrich Stadler
'Otto Neurath (1882-1945) - Zu Leben und Werk in seiner Zeit', in Friedrich Stadler (Hrsg.), Arbeiterbildung in der Zwischenkriegszeit (Wien/München 1982) 2-22.
Friedrich Stadler
'Bildstatistik in der Schule. Otto Neurath und sein Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum. Ein Beitrag zur Wiener Schulreform 1925-1934 in seiner heutigen Bedeutung', in Zeitgeschichte 6, 11/12 (1979) 401-421.
- Neurath's Viennese Method (later "Isotype") was adopted by Montessori and other schools in Vienna in connection with the social democratic school reform movement and proved successful in history and social science teaching, especially in primary education, but disappeared in Austrian textbooks after 1934. Its reintroduction there of pictorial statistics, so popular elsewhere, is highly desirable. [Historical Abstracts].
Friedrich Stadler
'Wiener Methode der Bildstatistik und politische Graphik des Konstruktivismus. Wien-Moskau 1931-1934', in Österreich und die Sowjetunion 1918-1955. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Österreichisch-sowjetischen Beziehungen / hrsg. von der Historikersektion der Österreichisch-Sowjetischen Gesellschaft (Wien 1984) 220-249.
M. Twyman
'ISOTYPE und die Universität Reading', in Arbeiterbildung in der Zwischenkriegszeit (Wien 1982) 185-188.
M. Twyman
'The Significance of ISOTYPE', in J.A. Edwards and M. Twyman (eds.), Graphic Communication through ISOTYPE (University of Reading : Reading 1975) 7-17.
Nader Vossoughian
'Mapping the Modern City. Otto Neurath, the International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM), and the Politics of Information Design (1931-1935)' in DesignIssues 22, nr. 3 (Summer 2006) 48-65.
Nader Vossoughian
Otto Neurath and Josef Frank. Logical Positivism and the Architecture of the Scientific World Conception. HOPOS Lecture June 25, 2004.
Nader Vossoughian
'The Language of the World Museum. Otto Neurath, Paul Otlet, Le Corbusier', in Transnational Associations 1-2 (January/June 2003). An abbreviated version was presented as a Lunchtime Lecture at Columbia University, April 2, 2003.
Nader Vossoughian
On Display. Otto Neurath, Pictoral Statistics, Building Exhibitions. Lecture, Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. August 1, 2002.
Nader Vossoughian
'Signification as Observation. Otto Neurath and the Museum of Economy and Society', published in Proceedings of the 2002 ACSA Annual Meeting (forthcoming?). An abbreviated version was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. New Orleans, Louisiana. April 13, 2002.
Nader Vossoughian
War Economy and World Economy. Otto Neurath and the Museum of the Future. Lecture, University of Vienna, Vienna Circle Institute, December 9, 2002.
Hans Würzner
'Otto Neurath. Een Oostenrijkse emigrant in Nederland', in Leids Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 7 (1988). Special number M.H. Würzner, ... et al. (red.), Aspecten van het interbellum. Beeldende kunst, film, fotografie, cultuurfilosofie en literatuur in de periode tussen de twee wereldoorlogen (SDU : Den Haag 1990).

CATALOGUES

EXHIBITION CATALOGUES
2008 The Hague
Nader Vossoughian, Otto Neurath. The Language of the Global Polis (NAi Publishers : Rotterdam 2008). In association with STROOM Den Haag. Publication to accompany the exhibition in STROOM The Hague (10 February - 6 April 2008). More about this title. The book is reviewed by Robin Kinross for Hyphen 2008.05.12.
2004 Lüneburg
Atlas (spaces in subjunctive) / Christoph Behnke, Anna Schlosser, Diethelm Stoller ... [et al.] (Verlag für Wissenschaft und zeitgenössische Kunst : Lüneburg 2004). Publication to accompany the exhibition '"Spaces in subjunctive I" Gerd Arntz und Otto Neurath: Atlas Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft' at the Kunstraum der Universität Lüneburg (26 March-1 April 2004). More on the project by Kathrin Busch, Bilderschrift und kartographischer Eingriff. Zum Projekt Atlas – spaces in subjunctive im Kunstraum der Universität Lüneburg. [08/04].

2002 Brno
Otto Neurath a vývoj moderních globálnzch znaku = Otto Neurath and the development of modern global signs (Edition Designrevue Cz/Alba Studio : Praha 2002). Catalogue of the exhibition 'Otto Neurath : ISOTYPE and the Development of Modern Global Symbols', exhibition ath the Moravian Gallery, held during the twentieth annual Brno Biennale, Brno (June).

1982 Vienna
Arbeiterbildung in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Otto Neurath - Gerd Arntz. Otto Neurath und sein Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum in Wien 1925-1934. Politische Graphik von Gerd Arntz und den Konstruktivisten / Friedrich Stadler (Hrsg.). Österreichisches Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum 15 (Löcker Verlag : Wien/München 1982). Catalog of an exhibition held in the Arbeiterkammer Wien (26 April-23 June 1982), and organized by the Österreichisches Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum.

1976 The Hague
Gerd Arntz. Kritische grafiek en beeldstatistiek = Kritische Grafik und Bildstatistik / [samenstelling katalogus Flip Bool, Kees Broos; vertaling Marie-Louise Flammersfeld, Kees Broos, Flip Bool]. Sunschrift 113 (Haags Gemeentemuseum : Den Haag/SUN : Nijmegen 1976). Catalogus van de tentoonstelling Haags Gemeentemuseum 1976.

1975 Reading
Graphic communication through Isotype / [by the staff and students of the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication of the University of Reading and staff of the University Library] (Reading 1975). Published in connection with an exhibition recording the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum in Wien, held in the Library of the University of Reading, May to October 1975. A 2nd rev. edition was published in 1981.